创建同质化代币

使用Token Metadata程序在Solana上创建带元数据的同质化代币。

学习内容

本指南将向您展示如何创建和铸造具有以下要素的同质化代币：

自定义名称、符号和元数据
代币图像和描述
可配置的小数位数（可分割性）
初始代币供应量

创建代币

以下代码是一个完整可运行的示例。可自定义的参数如下所示。有关代币创建的更多详情，请参阅Token Metadata程序页面。

1// npm install @metaplex-foundation/mpl-token-metadata @metaplex-foundation/mpl-toolbox @metaplex-foundation/umi @metaplex-foundation/umi-bundle-defaults
2import {
3  createFungible,
4  mplTokenMetadata,
5} from '@metaplex-foundation/mpl-token-metadata'
6import {
7  createTokenIfMissing,
8  findAssociatedTokenPda,
9  mintTokensTo,
10} from '@metaplex-foundation/mpl-toolbox'
11import {
12  generateSigner,
13  keypairIdentity,
14  percentAmount,
15  some,
16} from '@metaplex-foundation/umi'
17import { createUmi } from '@metaplex-foundation/umi-bundle-defaults'
18import { readFileSync } from 'fs'
19
20// Initialize Umi with your RPC endpoint
21const umi = createUmi('https://api.devnet.solana.com').use(mplTokenMetadata())
22
23// Load your wallet keypair
24const wallet = '<your wallet file path>'
25const secretKey = JSON.parse(readFileSync(wallet, 'utf-8'))
26const keypair = umi.eddsa.createKeypairFromSecretKey(new Uint8Array(secretKey))
27umi.use(keypairIdentity(keypair))
28
29// Generate a new mint account
30const mint = generateSigner(umi)
31
32// Step 1: Create the fungible token with metadata
33await createFungible(umi, {
34  mint,
35  name: 'My Fungible Token',
36  symbol: 'MFT',
37  uri: 'https://example.com/my-token-metadata.json',
38  sellerFeeBasisPoints: percentAmount(0),
39  decimals: some(9),
40}).sendAndConfirm(umi)
41
42// Step 2: Mint initial supply to your wallet
43await createTokenIfMissing(umi, {
44  mint: mint.publicKey,
45  owner: umi.identity.publicKey,
46})
47  .add(
48    mintTokensTo(umi, {
49      mint: mint.publicKey,
50      token: findAssociatedTokenPda(umi, {
51        mint: mint.publicKey,
52        owner: umi.identity.publicKey,
53      }),
54      amount: 1_000_000_000_000_000, // 1,000,000 tokens with 9 decimals
55    })
56  )
57  .sendAndConfirm(umi)
58
59console.log('Token created:', mint.publicKey)
60console.log('Metadata and mint account initialized')
61console.log('Initial supply minted to:', umi.identity.publicKey)

1import { generateKeyPairSigner } from '@solana/kit';
2import { createFungible } from '@metaplex-foundation/mpl-token-metadata-kit';
3
4// Assuming rpc, rpcSubscriptions, and sendAndConfirmInstructions are set up
5// See getting-started for full setup
6
7const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();
8const authority = await generateKeyPairSigner(); // Your wallet
9
10// Create a fungible token with metadata and mint initial supply
11const createAndMintIx = await createFungible({
12  mint,
13  authority,
14  payer: authority,
15  name: 'My Fungible Token',
16  symbol: 'MFT',
17  uri: 'https://example.com/my-token-metadata.json',
18  sellerFeeBasisPoints: 0,
19  decimals: 9,
20  tokenOwner: authority.address,
21  amount: 1_000_000_000_000_000n, // 1,000,000 tokens with 9 decimals
22});
23
24// Send the instruction (createFungible returns a single combined instruction)
25await sendAndConfirm({
26  instructions: [createAndMintIx],
27  payer: authority,
28});
29
30console.log('Fungible token created:', mint.address);
31console.log('Initial supply minted to:', authority.address);

1# Create a Fungible Token using the Metaplex CLI
2
3# Interactive wizard mode (recommended for beginners)
4mplx toolbox token create --wizard
5
6# Basic token creation (required: --name, --symbol, --mint-amount)
7mplx toolbox token create \
8  --name "My Token" \
9  --symbol "MYT" \
10  --mint-amount 1000000
11
12# Full token creation with all options
13mplx toolbox token create \
14  --name "My Token" \
15  --symbol "MYT" \
16  --description "A fungible token on Solana" \
17  --image ./token-image.png \
18  --decimals 9 \
19  --mint-amount 1000000000000000
20
21# Note: mint-amount is in smallest units
22# With --decimals 9, to mint 1,000,000 tokens: --mint-amount 1000000000000000
23# With --decimals 0 (default), to mint 1,000,000 tokens: --mint-amount 1000000

参数

根据您的代币自定义以下参数：

参数	描述
`name`	代币名称（最多32个字符）
`symbol`	代币缩写（最多6个字符）
`uri`	链接到链下元数据JSON
`sellerFeeBasisPoints`	版税百分比（550 = 5.5%）
`decimals`	小数位数（`some(9)`是标准）
`amount`	要铸造的代币数量

元数据和图像

uri必须指向至少包含以下信息的JSON文件。更多详情可在Token Metadata标准页面找到。您需要将JSON和图像URL上传到可公开访问的位置。我们建议使用Web3存储提供商，如Arweave。如果您想在代码中完成此操作，请按照此指南操作。

{
  "name": "My Fungible Token",
  "symbol": "MFT",
  "description": "A fungible token on Solana",
  "image": "https://arweave.net/tx-hash"
}